Abstract
Abstract: The article discusses the ideas of four Polish historians: Marian Malowist, Witold Kula, Jerzy Topolski, and Andrzej Wyczanski on the nature, causes and effects of the economic backwardness in early modem Poland. The main stress is laid on the debate on the so-called second serfdom. While Malowist and Kula were close to some sort of dependency theory, Topolski and Wyczanski presented the Polish economic development as belated but not necessarily dependent. The concepts developed by the above authors can still be useful as analytical tools for historians and social scientists.
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