Modelling Study on Internal Energy Loss Due to Entropy Generation for Non-Darcy Poiseuille Flow of Silver-Water Nanofluid: An Application of Purification.

Nasir Shehzad,Saman Rashidi,Ahmed Zeeshan,Rahmat Ellahi

doi:10.3390/e20110851

Abstract

In this paper, an analytical study of internal energy losses for the non-Darcy Poiseuille flow of silver-water nanofluid due to entropy generation in porous media is investigated. Spherical-shaped silver (Ag) nanosize particles with volume fraction 0.3%, 0.6%, and 0.9% are utilized. Four illustrative models are considered: (i) heat transfer irreversibility (HTI), (ii) fluid friction irreversibility (FFI), (iii) Joule dissipation irreversibility (JDI), and (iv) non-Darcy porous media irreversibility (NDI). The governing equations of continuity, momentum, energy, and entropy generation are simplified by taking long wavelength approximations on the channel walls. The results represent highly nonlinear coupled ordinary differential equations that are solved analytically with the help of the homotopy analysis method. It is shown that for minimum and maximum averaged entropy generation, 0.3% by vol and 0.9% by vol of nanoparticles, respectively, are observed. Also, a rise in entropy is evident due to an increase in pressure gradient. The current analysis provides an adequate theoretical estimate for low-cost purification of drinking water by silver nanoparticles in an industrial process.

Highlights

Convection in saturated porous media is a popular field of investigation among researchers nowadays because of its numerous applications in painting filtration, microelectronic heat transfer, soil sciences, thermal insulation, petroleum industries, nuclear waste disposal, geothermal systems, chemical catalytic beds, fuel cells, solid matrix heat exchangers, grain storage, etc
It is understood that Darcy’s law is inadequate to describe the high rate of flow in porous media because the low Reynolds number based on the mean pore diameter exceeds 1 to 10
Silver particles in ionic form exhibit antibacterial action; they are able to break down bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus

Summary

Introduction

Convection in saturated porous media is a popular field of investigation among researchers nowadays because of its numerous applications in painting filtration, microelectronic heat transfer, soil sciences, thermal insulation, petroleum industries, nuclear waste disposal, geothermal systems, chemical catalytic beds, fuel cells, solid matrix heat exchangers, grain storage, etc. Ceramic water filter devices can eliminate waterborne pathogens Such devices are manufactured by pressing and firing a mixture of clay and burnable organic materials like rice husks, flour, and sawdust with silver nanoparticles [13]. The filter is made using a filter press, after which it is air-dried and fired in a kiln This forms the ceramic material and burns off the sawdust, flour, and rice husks, making the filter porous and permeable to water. Godson et al [17] studied the effects of different factors such as temperature (between 323 K and 363 K) and concentration (0.3, 0.6, and 0.9% volume concentration) on the thermal conductivity of Ag-deionized water nanofluid by using uniform nanosized silver particles. It was found that exposure of the investigated food material on the activity of the sprayed nanosilver particles could almost double their microbiological and sensorial stability

Objectives

Results

Conclusion