Modelling Steering Resistance to Save Energy

Abstract

In this paper, the design and vehicle model implementation of a spiral path steering system for a lightweight vehicle is presented. The lateral sliding caused by imperfect rolling in corners means considerable loss, for lightweight vehicles. A spiral path steering mechanism provides an alternative solution for steering generated loss reduction. Theoretically, with the application of a spiral path steering system, ideal Ackerman steering geometry is feasible in all corners. The system is able to replace the common rack and pinion solution in purpose-made vehicles. The main design concepts of spiral path steering are introduced in this article. The described system was realized and installed in an experimental vehicle, where field tests were carried out, to measure the cornering losses during operation. The process of cornering loss measurement is also presented in this paper. The resistance model of cornering is elaborated in a Matlab Simulink environment, based on the measurement results. Vehicle losses are characterized by an extended resistance force model, which can be used by simulations for energy saving purposes. The optimization of vehicle operation can be achieved by simulations, where the corresponding velocity profiles of the vehicle is determined. An accurate steering model is essential for proper vehicle modelling and for the following optimization process.