Abstract
The development of robust mathematical models could provide the necessary tools for a more rapid, efficient, and reliable spouted bed technology development. Computer simulations can be very useful to aid this design and scale-up process: firstly, they can contribute to obtain a fundamental insight into their complex dynamic behavior by understanding the elementary physical principles such as drag, friction, dissipation etc.; secondly, the simulations can be used as a design tool where the ultimate goal is to have a numerical model with predictive capabilities for gas-particle flows at engineering scale. Clearly, one single simulation method will not be able to achieve this goal, but a hierarchy of methods modelling phenomena on different length and time scales can achieve this. The most fruitful approach will be when they are simultaneously followed, so that they can mutually benefit from each other. In this sense, this paper presents a review of the current state of the art of modelling on spouted and spout-fluid beds through an analysis of recent literature following a multiscale approach (molecular and particle, lab, plant and industrial scale). The main features of the different scales together with their current limits are discussed and specific topics are highlighted as paths that still need to be explored. In summary, the paper aims to define the theoretical setline and the basis of improvement that would lead to a robust multiscale model with solid links between micro and macroscopic phenomena. If done with the correct balance between accuracy and computational costs it will gear SB towards their reliable and successful implementation.
Highlights
The development of robust mathematical models could provide the necessary tools for a more rapid, efficient, and reliable spouted bed technology development
The results showed that high temperatures lead to instability in the gas-solid fluid dynamic regime and that part of the solids are oxidised in the higher part of the reactor, increasing the volume fractions of hydrogen and carbon dioxide
A scale-up relationship for spouted beds was proposed by He et al [197]; Bettega and colleagues [235] verified its validity with a 2D model, confirming that when the scaling relationships were not satisfied, the hydrodynamics of the beds was severely hindered
Summary
Spouted and Spout-Fluid Beds (SB) have been object of intense research during the past decades. More applications were studied, and interest in these devices has drying processes, due to the high fluid-solid contact achieved. For assisted technologies shows an increasing trend for a number of materials as fish [17], coffee beans example [16], studied a solar-assisted SB for the drying of pea while the application of microwave [18], potato [19] and apple [20], mushrooms and green soybean [22]. For example [16], studied a solar-assisted SB for the drying of pea while the application of microwave assisted technologies shows an increasing trend for a number of materials as fish [17], coffee beans [18], potato [19] and apple cubes [20], mushrooms [21] and green soybean [22]. The paper aims to contribute in the definition of the role of modelling for the complete establishment of the SB technology towards their reliable and successful implementation
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