Abstract
The vaporization of drops of highly vaporizable liquids falling inside a cryogenic environment is far from being a trivial matter as it assumes harnessing specialized thermodynamics and physical equations. In this paper, a multi-component falling droplet evaporation model was developed for simulating the spray cooling process. The falling speed of the sprayed droplets was calculated with the momentum equations considering three forces (gravity, buoyancy and drag) applied to a droplet. To evaluate the mass and heat transfer between the sprayed droplet and the surrounding gas phase, a gaseous boundary film of sufficient thinness was assumed to envelope the droplet, while the Peng-Robinson equation of state was used for estimating the phase equilibrium properties on the droplet’s surface. Based on the relevant conservation equations of mass and energy, the key properties (such as temperature, pressure and composition) of the liquid and gas phases in the tank during the spray process could be simulated. To conclude, the simulation algorithm is proposed.
Highlights
A wide body of studies exists on the vaporization of drops of multi-component liquids at moderate and high temperatures
For estimating the Spalding heat transfer number of species i BT;i, we refer to Brenn et al [3] and Abramzon and Sirignano [5] who postulate that BT;i is coupled with the mass transfer number BM;i through: BT;i 1⁄4 ð1 þ BM;iÞ/i À 1 with
An adequate thermodynamic model is necessary to express the composition of the gas film around the droplet (i.e. Yi,S) and the densities of the liquid phase (LNG), the bulk gas phase (NG), the droplets, and the gas film
Summary
A wide body of studies exists on the vaporization of drops of multi-component liquids at moderate and high temperatures. The same process has been the subject of relatively little research when it occurs at very low temperatures, especially under cryogenic conditions. This scarcity of literature is namely due to the need to resort to complex thermodynamics and access to specialized thermal and transport equations. Natural gas can be delivered either by high pressure pipelines or, depending on the location of the gas field and the security of supply, it can be liquefied and transported by Liquefied Natural Gas Carriers (LNGC) [1]
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