Abstract
Debris cones are a very common landform in temperate high mountains. They are the most representative examples of the periglacial and nival processes. This work studies the dynamic behavior of two debris cones (Cone A and Cone B) in the Picos de Europa, in the north of the Iberian Peninsula. Their evolution was measured uninterruptedly throughout each August for 10 years (2009–2018) using the Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) technique. The observations and calculations of the two debris cones were treated independently, but both showed the same behavior. Therefore, if these results are extrapolated to other debris cones in similar environments (temperate high mountain), they should show behavior similar to that of the two debris cones analyzed. Material falls onto the cones from the walls, and transfer of sediments follows linear trajectories according to the maximum slope. In order to understand the linear evolution of the two debris cones, profiles were created along the maximum slope lines of the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of 2009, and these profile lines were extrapolated to the remaining years of measurement. In order to determine volumetric surface behavior in the DEMs, each year for the period 2009–2018 was compared. In addition, the statistical predictive value for position (Z) in year 2018 was calculated for the same planimetric position (X,Y) throughout the profiles of maximum slopes. To do so, the real field data from 2009–2017 were interpolated and used to form a sample of curves. These curves are interpreted as the realization of a functional random variable that can be predicted using statistical techniques. The predictive curve obtained was compared with the 2018 field data. The results of both coordinates (Z), the real field data, and the statistical data are coherent within the margin of error of the data collection.
Highlights
Taluses and debris cones are very common slope forms in temperate mountains and constitute one of the fastest sediment transference systems (Figure 1)
This work studies the dynamic behavior of two debris cones (Cone A and Cone B) in the Picos de Europa, in the north of the Iberian Peninsula
The observations and calculations of the two debris cones were treated independently, but both showed the same behavior. If these results are extrapolated to other debris cones in similar environments, they should show behavior similar to that of the two debris cones analyzed
Summary
Taluses and debris cones are very common slope forms in temperate mountains and constitute one of the fastest sediment transference systems (Figure 1). The materials come from walls and channels, and the processes involved are highly varied. The way they function is not well understood. Remote SeTnas.l2u0s2e0s, 1a2n, d632debris cones are very common slope forms in temperate mountains and constitu2toef 21 one of the fastest sediment transference systems (Figure 1). The materials come from walls and Stucdhiaensnienltso, danedbrtihs etaplurosecessbseegs ainnvionlvtheedFarreenhchigPhylyrevnaereiesda.nAdsthaerAesrucltti,ct[h1e–3w],abyutthceoynfcuenrnctsioanboisutntohteir genweeslilsuanndderesvtoooludt.iSotnudhiaevseinbteoendesbtruids iteadluisnesmbaengaynteinmtpheeraFtreenmchouPnytraeinneses[4a–n1d0]t.hTehAermctiacin[1p–3r]o,cbeustses anacolynzceedrntshaabtoaurtethineviroglvenedesiisnatnhde edveobluritsiodnyhnaavme ibceaernesrtuodckiefdaliln, smnoanwy atevmalpaenrcahteesm, oaunndtadienbsr[i4s–fl10o]w. S, bruuntTawonsheuffdeartmafdhareeacebreiinarnpilspgsro,orfolcoapcenwersdesssses,eesssbnusuaturtnf[ca5ahscl,ue6yar,zsf1rea1cudcr–ene1toehp6fpa]rf,.toraacToerrhleeslesiineancsglvus,soorsulrovecplehnirdfletausiisenncnttctietrhoerne[pe5,pdr,pe6,eht,br1ayor1tilsi–sloii1cndn6agy]lo.,nafsanTotmdhhlieiefcclhudcaecurymterniroriaecnomnac, tlkpiwcfihasneyltloase, ftirshcpnaaercolretwiatinavngtaedi,votaancanlhlaudeonmsfcsehuistcerhaafseal,ncde debdryinsacmoincessoifsafcrtaivmeetdaluwsietshianndpadreabgrliasccioalneesnvisirforanmmeedntwsitthhiant pfaavraogrlamciaaslsednvisiprolancmeemnetsnttsh,artofcakvfoarlls, andmmasosddiifispcalatcioenmseonftsd, erobcrkisfatlallsu, saensd[m17o].difications of debris taluses [17]. L1.ocLaotcioantioonf tohfetshteudstyuadryeaaraenadadnedbrdisebcroinsecso: n(Aes): C(Aan) tCabanritaanbrMiaonuMntoauinnstainintshienntohrethnoofrtIhbeorfian PenIbinersiualna.P(eBn)inLsouclaat.io(Bn)oLfotchaetiPoincoosf dtheeEPuircoopsadme aEsusrifosp. L1.ocLaotcioantioonf tohfetshteudstyuadryeaaraenadadnedbrdisebcroinsecso: n(Aes): C(Aan) tCabanritaanbrMiaonuMntoauinnstainintshienntohrethnoofrtIhbeorfian PenIbinersiualna.P(eBn)inLsouclaat.io(Bn)oLfotchaetiPoincoosf dtheeEPuircoopsadme aEsusrifosp. a(Cm)aTshsiefsC. e(Cn)trTalhMe Casesnitfroafl PMicaosssifdeofEPuircoopsadaend locEautiroonpoafadnedbrliosccaotinoensoinf dtheebrsiosuctohnfeasceinotfhPeeñsoauVthiejfaa.ce(Do)f DPeeñtaailVediepjah. o(tDo)grDaepthaisleodf CphoonteoAgraapnhdsCoofne
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