Abstract
Burning coal is one of the most economical ways of generating electricity but is the most damaging in terms of carbon emissions. Conversely, renewable energy (RE), which produces no carbon emissions, has drawbacks such as intermittency, a lower electricity conversion rate and high cost. In this study, a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) optimisation model under carbon constraints is developed to address these issues. The model is able to determine the most economical low carbon power generation mix to satisfy the forecast electricity demand in Iskandar Malaysia (IM) for the year 2025 while being reliable and having less impact on the environment. The model includes fuel-switching, RE power generation and implementation of carbon capture and storage (CCS). The applicability of the model is tested and compared for scenarios of business as usual (BAU) and various CO2 emission reduction targets (CO2Em).
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