Abstract
Problem statement: Mitigation of global warming and energy crisis has called upon the need of an efficient tool for electricity planning. This study thus presents an electricity planning tool that incorporates RE with Feed in-Tariff (FiT) for various sources of Renewable Energy (RE) to minimize grid-connected electricity generation cost as well as to satisfy nominal electricity demand and CO2 emission reduction target. Approach: In order to perform these tasks, a general Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model was developed and implemented in General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS). The RE options considered including landfill gas, municipal solid waste, palm oil residue and hydro power. While the model presents a general approach for electricity planning, Iskandar Malaysia is applied as a case study in this research. Results: By considering the cost, FiT, availability of the Renewable Energy Source (RES) and limit of RE fund for FiT remuneration in Malaysia. The optimization result indicates that Iskandar Malaysia can satisfy the set target of 40% carbon emission reduction by 2015 by implementing biomass RE. Conclusion: It’s revealed that a total of 875 MW of RE is required from Biomass Bubbling Fluidized Bed (BBFB) using various palm oil biomass fuel (mesofiber-215 MW, Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB)-424 MW and kernel-236 MW). However, this increases the Cost Of Electricity (COE) by 69-6.5% cents/kWh.
Highlights
Increasing Renewable Energy (RE) share had been the goal is many countries over the world, due to the high cost of RE compared to conventional resources, the development of RE into the generation mix is rather slow
Market-independent FIT policies are generally known as fixed-price policies, since they offer a fixed or minimum price for electricity from RE delivered to the grid while market-dependent FIT policies are generally known as premium price policies, or feed-in premiums, since a premium payment is added above the market price (Mendonca et al, 2009)
This study developed a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model for Islander Malaysia to plan an optimum fleet-wide electricity generation mix from various sources incorporating RE and Feed-in Tariff (FiT) using General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS)
Summary
Increasing Renewable Energy (RE) share had been the goal is many countries over the world, due to the high cost of RE compared to conventional resources (fossil fuel), the development of RE into the generation mix is rather slow. In order to promote and increase RE development, Feed-in Tariff (FiT) had been introduced and since, been implemented in 63 jurisdictions worldwide rendering it as the most effective policy at stimulating rapid development of RE (Klein et al, 2006; Couture and Gagnon, 2010). FiT policies are designed to offer guaranteed prices for fixed periods of time for electricity produced from RE depending on its type of technology, size of installation, quality of the resource and other variables (Couture and Gagnon, 2010; Mendonca, 2007). The remuneration of FiT can be classified as either dependent or independent from the actual electricity market price (Klein et al, 2006; Couture and Gagnon, 2010). Corresponding Author: Ho Wai Shin, Process System Engineering Centre (PROSPECT), Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University Technology Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia 53
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