Abstract
Scattering from three-dimensional rough interfaces can be estimated using approximations to the Helmholtz-Kirchhoff integral such as perturbation theory or the Kirchhoff approximation. However, these solutions are constrained to the boundary. Physical processes occurring beneath the boundary such as scattering from layers or volume inclusions require additional approximations. Finite element models can benchmark these approximations since scattering the entire volume is calculated. In this study, a three-dimensional finite element model of acoustic scattering from rough interfaces is developed and compared with boundary element solutions. This model is an improvement on the existing two-dimensional and longitudinally invariant models previously presented. The full three-dimensional nature of this solution allows realistic representations of layering and volume inclusions, including shells, air bubbles, and targets. [Work supported by ONR, Ocean Acoustics.]
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