Abstract
The use of alternative cementitious binders is necessary for producing sustainable concrete. Herein, we study the effect of using alternative cementitious binders in ultra-high-performance concrete (UPHC) by calculating the phase assemblages of UHPC in which Portland cement is replaced with calcium aluminate cement, calcium sulfoaluminate cement, metakaolin or blast furnace slag. The calculation result shows that replacing Portland cement with calcium aluminate cement or calcium sulfoaluminate cement reduces the volume of C-S-H but increases the overall solid volume due to the formation of other phases, such as strätlingite or ettringite. The modeling result predicts that using calcium aluminate cement or calcium sulfoaluminate cement may require more water than it would for plain UHPC, while a similar or lower amount of water is needed for chemical reactions when using blast furnace slag or metakaolin.
Highlights
Ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) is considered one of the most promising construction materials in terms of performance
Despite an increasing number of studies having investigated the mechanical properties of UHPC incorporating cementitious binders other than Portland cement (PC), their microstructural information, which dictates the evolution of their properties, and performance is rarely available in the literature
PC with calcium aluminate cement (CAC) in UHPC of up to 10% by mass resulted in the formation of more ettringite and Fe-hydrogarnet but reduced the amount of C-S-H and the overall volume of solid and Fe-hydrogarnet but reduced the amount of C-S-H and the overall volume of solid phases
Summary
Ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) is considered one of the most promising construction materials in terms of performance It is typically produced at low water-to-binder (w/b) ratios (0.15–0.25) and exhibits outstanding mechanical properties (compressive and tensile strengths exceeding 120 and 5 MPa after 28 days of curing) [1,2]. Due to the fact that the mixture proportioning and production methods of UHPC became mostly standardized in many countries, Portland cement (PC) is used as a cementitious binder along with silica fume in most cases. Despite an increasing number of studies having investigated the mechanical properties of UHPC incorporating cementitious binders other than PC, their microstructural information, which dictates the evolution of their properties, and performance is rarely available in the literature. This study conducts thermodynamic simulations to predict the phase assemblages of UHPC in which PC is replaced with other cementitious binders, including CAC, CSA, MK or BFS
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