Abstract
Postcritical deformation of a material is a process which is characterized by a decrease of stress during growing deformations as a result of accumulation of structural damage. The design becomes unable to withstand the external load only when zones with weakened connections are developed enough. Evolution of postcritical deformation zones can occur with an increase of the external load applied to the construction. It means that taking into account the softening of the material allows determining the strength and deformation reserves of constructions more accurately. The mathematical formulation of the boundary value problem of supercritical deformation mechanics is given in the paper. The features of the experimental study of the postcritical stage of material deformation are listed. Strain curves of various steels with a long section of softening are obtained. Numerical solutions for the problems of deforming a thin plate with stress concentrators of different geometries under kinematic loading are obtained. Piecewise linear approximations and real strain curves of steel 20 and steel 40Cr4 obtained experimentally are considered. The evolution of zones of postcritical deformation in the material is considered. The correspondence between the value of the decline modulus and the nature of the evolution of the softening zones is determined. A stress plot is constructed that reflects how the complete material deformation diagram is realized near the concentrator. The calculated loading diagrams are constructed. It is noted that even after the appearance of softening zones, an increase in external load is possible. The strength and deformation resources of structures are determined, and the influence of the geometry of the stress concentrator on their values is considered. It is noted that the consideration of softening in modeling the behavior of structures with stress concentrators is appropriate.
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