Abstract
Phonological encoding is the process by which speakers retrieve phonemic segments for morphemes from memory and use the segments to assemble phonological representations of words to be spoken. When conversing in one language, bilingual speakers have to resist the temptation of encoding word forms using the phonological rules and representations of the other language. We argue that the activation of phonological representations is not restricted to the target language and that the phonological representations of languages are not separate. We advance a view of bilingual control in which condition-action rules determine what is done with the activated phonological information depending on the target language. This view is computationally implemented in the WEAVER++ model. We present WEAVER++ simulations of the cognate facilitation effect (Costa, Caramazza and Sebastián-Gallés, 2000) and the between-language phonological facilitation effect of spoken distractor words in object naming (Hermans, Bongaerts, de Bot and Schreuder, 1998).
Highlights
Phonological encoding is the process by which speakers retrieve phonemic segments for morphemes from memory and use the segments to assemble phonological representations of words to be spoken
We review evidence that the activation of phonological representations is not restricted to the target language and that the phonological representations of the languages of a bilingual individual are not separate
We briefly discuss a number of theoretical views on cognitive control and advance a view of bilingual control in which condition-action rules determine what is done with the activated phonological information depending on the target language
Summary
When conversing in one language, bilingual speakers have to resist the temptation of encoding word forms using the phonological rules and representations of the other language. The temptation to use the native language should be strong especially for bilingually unbalanced speakers, who are more proficient in the native than in a foreign language This difference in proficiency presumably holds for selecting the appropriate words as well as for encoding their forms. The present article deals with the ability of bilingual speakers to encode the phonological forms of words in one language rather than another. The ability to encode phonological forms in a second language while hearing words in the first language provides a strong test for models of bilingual control. We demonstrate that WEAVER++ passes the test, just like real bilingual speakers
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