Abstract
This paper reports a modeling methodology to predict the electrical and thermal behaviors of a 2.7 V/650 F ultracapacitor (UC) cell from LS Mtron Ltd. (Anyang, Korea). The UC cell is subject to the charge/discharge cycling with constant-current between 1.35 V and 2.7 V. The charge/discharge current values examined are 50, 100, 150, and 200 A. A three resistor-capacitor (RC) parallel branch model is employed to calculate the electrical behavior of the UC. The modeling results for the variations of the UC cell voltage as a function of time for various charge/discharge currents are in good agreement with the experimental measurements. A three-dimensional thermal model is presented to predict the thermal behavior of the UC. Both of the irreversible and reversible heat generations inside the UC cell are considered. The validation of the three-dimensional thermal model is provided through the comparison of the modeling results with the experimental infrared (IR) image at various charge/discharge currents. A zero-dimensional thermal model is proposed to reduce the significant computational burden required for the three-dimensional thermal model. The zero-dimensional thermal model appears to generate the numerical results accurate enough to resolve the thermal management issues related to the UC for automotive applications without relying on significant computing resources.
Highlights
Ultracapacitors (UCs), known by different names such as supercapacitors, electrochemical double-layer capacitors, double-layer capacitors or electrochemical capacitors, have the potential to meet the high pulse power capability of the energy-storage systems for automotive applications [1].UCs offer higher power density and longer shelf and cycle life than batteries
A three RC parallel branch model is employed to calculate the electrical behavior of the UC
The modeling results for the variations of the UC cell voltage as a function of time for different charge/discharge currents of 50, 100, 150, and 200 A are in good agreement with the experimental measurements
Summary
Ultracapacitors (UCs), known by different names such as supercapacitors, electrochemical double-layer capacitors, double-layer capacitors or electrochemical capacitors, have the potential to meet the high pulse power capability of the energy-storage systems for automotive applications [1]. Schiffer et al [18] showed that the heat generation in a UC cell consists of an irreversible Joule heat and a reversible heat caused by a change of entropy based on the analysis of the thermal measurement data obtained for a UC They derived a mathematical expression of Joule heat from the electric equivalent circuit of the UC. D’Entremont and Pilon [12] developed a physical modeling of the coupled electrodiffusion, heat generation, and thermal transport occurring in electric double layer capacitors They derived the governing energy equation from first principles and coupled with the modified Poisson-Nernst-Planck model for transient electrodiffusion. They recently presented a first-order thermal model of electric double layer capacitors based on the lumped-capacitance approximation [21]. The validation of the modeling approach is provided through the comparison of the modeling results with the experimental measurements
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