Abstract
The dynamics of the coronary system is complicated by its dependence on the mechanical properties of the coronary vessels, the anatomical distribution of the vasculature, the biochemical and neurohormonal regulation, and the effect of myocardial contraction. Several types of coronary system models were proposed, focusing on different aspects of coronary system behavior and supported by different animal experiment methodologies. The lumped models were based on well-controlled coronary pressure–flow measurement and simplified assumptions. They are probably most useful for interpreting hemodynamic data measured in modern catheterizaton labs. Anatomical models, with the advancement in morphometric research, coronary angiography, and video densitometry, provided branching pattern, geometric distribution, and distensibility of coronary vessels. Mathematical description based on vascular waterfall theory, intramyocardial pump model, and time varying elastance concept provided some explanation of the interaction between the coronary system and myocardial contraction. More accurate models would include intramyocardial pressure, microcirculatory hemodynamics, coronary flow regulation, and myocardial oxygen supply and consumption. The combination of different models, may lead to a more comprehensive understanding of the coronary system.
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