Modeling of nanoblood flow in an artery in presence of eco-friendly and biocompatible hybrid nanoparticles

Abstract

Transferring biological fluid through arteries is a topic that has garnered serious interest in recent times, especially when it pertains to applications such as drug delivery. In our body, arteries serve as the primary conduits for blood flow and this study aims to model the blood flow in this situation. The working fluid is essentially pure blood, which acts as a base fluid, supplemented with nanoparticles of Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) and Gold (Au). Nanoparticles could change the thermal and rheological properties of blood which might be particularly advantageous for ensuring smoother flow or optimal distribution of drug molecules within the bloodstream. In the present work, a porous channel is considered with parallel walls that exhibit varying permeability on boundaries. Such a design enables the nanoblood to enter and exit the channel, mimicking certain natural processes like transvascular fluid exchange. Additionally, the variable height of the channel that expands and squeezes uniformly could be reminiscent of the pulsatile nature of blood flow seen in our arteries due to heartbeats. To understand the dynamics of this hybrid nanoblood flow, the governing equations are converted into a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations using the similarity transformation approach. For solving these transformed equations, the research harnesses the BVP4C built-in function in MATLAB software. Through this computational approach, the research provides insights into the velocity and temperature profile of the fluid, the distribution of normal pressure, wall shear stress, and the Nusselt number concerning various parameters. The findings of the present study can be significant and useful in biological sciences and technologies and the detailed results are presented completely in the article’s body.