Abstract
This paper is aimed at modelling of a distinct smart charging station for electric vehicles (EVs) that is suitable for DC quick EV charging while ensuring minimum stress on the power grid. Operation of the charging station is managed in such a way that it is either supplied by photovoltaic (PV) power or the power grid, and the vehicle-to-grid (V2G) is also implemented for improving the stability of the grid during peak load hours. The PV interfaced DC/DC converter and grid interfaced DC/AC bidirectional converter share a DC bus. A smooth transition of one operating mode to another demonstrates the effectiveness of the employed control strategy. Modelling and control of the different components are explained and are implemented in Simulink. Simulations illustrate the feasible behaviour of the charging station under all operating modes in terms of the four-way interaction among PV, EVs and the grid along with V2G operation. Additionally, a business model is discussed with comprehensive analysis of cost estimation for the deployment of charging facilities in a residential area. It has been recognized that EVs bring new opportunities in terms of providing regulation services and consumption flexibility by varying the recharging power at a certain time instant. The paper also discusses the potential financial incentives required to inspire EV owners for active participation in the demand response mechanism.
Highlights
Envisioned large-scale penetration of electric vehicles (EVs) in the system would trigger a need for readily-available charging facilities
It could be observed that when the bus voltage is less than 350 V, the utility grid supplies power to charge EVs, and as soon as the DC bus voltage is sufficiently available from the PV power, grid supply is no longer provided
The charging power was being supplied by both combined sources (PV, as well as the grid), whereas, with the increase in solar irradiance, enough power becomes available through PV only
Summary
Envisioned large-scale penetration of electric vehicles (EVs) in the system would trigger a need for readily-available charging facilities. A huge amount of EVs’ charging load on the power system could arouse various technical issues, including voltage regulation, harmonic contamination, frequency variations, etc. A smart grid technology may come up with a technique to manage EVs’ charging load and its scheduling in an efficient way with seamless integration and operation of renewable energies in the power system, which can help keep stress on the power grid to a minimum. Smart Grid Initiative, there has been much attention on the impact of large-scale EVs carrying out vehicle-to-grid (V2G) operation through smart control approaches [1,2]. Keeping in view the driving needs of EVs, there is a need to develop fast charging
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