Modeling of 3R (Reduce, Reuse and Recycle) for Sustainable Construction Waste Reduction: A Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM)

Muhammad Bello Ibrahim,Ali Elmansoury,Nasir Shafiq,Musa Mohammed,Noor Amila Zawawi,Ehab Farouk Rached,Abdulrahman Haruna,Aminu Darda’u Rafindadi,Al-Baraa Abdulrahman Al-Mekhlafi

doi:10.3390/su131910660

Abstract

There is a lack of awareness and knowledge among the Malaysian construction industry about waste management reduction. Numerous nations worldwide have understood and have incorporated the concept of the 3R (reduce, reuse, and recycle) in waste management, and it has worked out well. This study investigated construction waste issues and developed a model for sustainable reduction by applying 3R using a partial least squares structural equation modeling PLS-SEM in Malaysia. The research methodology adopted the quantitative and qualitative approaches by sending a survey questionnaire to the relevant stakeholders to obtain their views or perceptions and interviewing an expert in the related field about waste reduction in the Malaysian construction industry. Three hundred thirty questionnaires were collected within six months of submission. The significant factors are determined using mean ranking for the reduce, reuse and recycle elements. Based on the results, the exploratory power of the study model is considered sustainable with R2 values of 0.83%. At the same time, the results of relationships between improving factors, policy-related factors, construction waste generated, and sustainable construction waste reduction were significant. Also, the findings revealed that the top factors for waste generation on reducing, reusing, and recycling are lack of design and documentation, and lack of guidance for effective construction waste-collecting. The paper will explore different and dynamic practices, such as recycling, reuse of construction waste management cost reduction, enabling stakeholders and managers to estimate and quantify the actual size of CWM costs and benefits for sustainable development goals.

Highlights

There is a lack of awareness and knowledge among the Malaysian construction industry about waste management issues [7]
Just 7.5% of respondents have less than five years of experience [97]. This segment gives the results of the characteristics of respondents of this study. These findings show that the respondents possessed the required expertise and information to comment on the 3Rs for sustainable construction waste reduction, which led to them obtaining a significant amount of trust in their input and the validity of the findings
The survey data were analyzed using a combination of SPSS, Microsoft Excel, and partial structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) software to determine the causal relationship between the exogenous constructs and the endogenous construct

Summary

Introduction

The development of the economy in every nation depends on construction projects undertaken through several types of contract. The economy is mainly based on resources, creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/). The problems that construction and demolition waste encounter can largely depend on the project lifecycle. Overview of Construction and Demolition Waste Management in Malaysia and throughout the World. Based on the research goal, a categorization of C&DW management literature should be constructed to answer two key questions: the elements that affect C&DW management and the offered model for effective C&DW management to achieve sustainability. Despite various efforts over the previous few years, it is estimated that the construction industry is still in its infancy and requires maturation to contribute to reducing environmental burdens [23] effectively.

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion