Abstract
Astrocytes play vital roles in neurological disorders. The use of human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived astrocytes provides a chance to explore the contributions of astrocytes in human diseases. Here we review human iPSC-based models for neurological disorders associated with human astrocytes and discuss the points of each model.
Highlights
Astrocytes are the most abundant glial cell type in the central nerve system (CNS) and have multiple roles on neuronal development and function
The reactivation of chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) protected the Parkinson’s disease (PD) induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived astrocytes and dopaminergic neurons via the clearance of α-synuclein accumulation [26]. These findings described a non-cell-autonomous contribution of astrocytes during PD pathogenesis
The astrocytes derived from the Huntington’s disease (HD)-specific iPSCs exhibited a large number of cytoplasmic, electron clear vacuoles a phenomenon seen in HD patients
Summary
Astrocytes are the most abundant glial cell type in the central nerve system (CNS) and have multiple roles on neuronal development and function. Astrocytes regulate synaptogenesis, modulate synaptic plasticity, provide metabolic support to neurons, secrete or absorb neurotransmitters from synapses, regulate extracellular ion concentrations, support the brain–blood barrier (BBB), and promote myelination in the white matter. Their dysfunction has been implicated in several neurological disorders such as neurodegenerative diseases, neurodevelopmental diseases, epilepsy and astroglioma [1–3]
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