Abstract
The fluctuating nature of many renewable energy sources (RES) introduces new challenges in power systems. Flywheel Energy Storage Systems (FESS) in general have a longer life span than normal batteries, very fast response time, and they can provide high power for a short period of time. These characteristics make FESS an excellent option for many applications in future power Microgrids (MGs), in particular with integrated RES. The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, a new topology of FESS in MGs is introduced, where the FESS is connected at the same DC-bus of the fuel cells and the Photovoltaic (PV) inverter instead of connecting it with a separate on-grid inverter. Fuel cells are connected at the bus to help the FESS to operate as Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) system for longer periods by using the same power electronics components. Not only this topology is cost-effective, but also it allows higher PV penetration levels due to regulating the power flow by the flywheel and it is also more efficient than the traditional topology due to the shortest path of power flow. Second, a detailed simulation model of MGs with FESS is developed. This simulation model makes it possible to explore different scenarios including connected and isolated status of MGs with high levels of PV penetration. The simulation results demonstrate the ability of FESS to withstand changes in the load, PVs and wind, and the ability to provide electricity even when an interruption from the utility grid occurs. Additionally, the common on-grid inverter has been exploited to compensate the reactive power and hence improve the power factor inside the MG.
Highlights
Solar energy is one of the most important renewable energy sources (RES)
The focus of this work was not on the power electronics level, but just on the energy management approaches. It can be concluded from the previous works considered so far, the flywheel was considered as a separate part of the MG and it was connected on a separate inverter. We propose connecting it on the same DC bus of the PV panels and the fuel cell to improve the operation of the MG in both connected and isolated modes
SCENARIO 4: Flywheel Energy Storage Systems (FESS) AS Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) In this scenario, we explore the behavior of the FESS when there is an interruption from the utility grid
Summary
Solar energy is one of the most important RES. Despite all advantages of solar power plants, they still have some critical issues that reduce their usage as an alternative source of generation for electricity. The first one is solar energy is intermittent. The second challenge is the instability of the intensity of solar radiation at a constant rate. In order to maintain the stability of production, it is important to use innovative approaches to store energy at high supply periods, and to re-use later to maintain the stability. Besides being the most economically viable energy source, the technology of power electronics has facilitated the process of controlling the renewable energy systems
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