Abstract
Climate change impacts and adaptations are ongoing issues that are attracting the attention of many researchers. Insight into the wind power potential in an area and its probable variation due to climate change impacts can provide useful information for energy policymakers and strategists for sustainable development and management of the energy. In this study, spatial variation of wind power density at the turbine hub-height and its variability under future climatic scenarios are taken into consideration. An adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS)-based post-processing technique was used to match the power outputs of the regional climate model (RCM) with those obtained from reference data. The near-surface wind data obtained from an RCM were used to investigate climate change impacts on the wind power resources in the Caspian Sea. After converting near-surface wind speed to turbine hub-height speed and computation of wind power density, the results were investigated to reveal mean annual power, seasonal and monthly variability for 20 year historical (1981–2000) and future (2081–2100) periods. The results revealed that climate change does not notably affect the wind climate over the study area. However, a small decrease was projected in the future simulation, revealing a slight decrease in mean annual wind power in the future compared to historical simulations. Moreover, the results demonstrated strong variation in wind power in terms of temporal and spatial distribution, with winter and summer having the highest values. The results indicate that the middle and northern parts of the Caspian Sea have the highest values of wind power. However, the results of the post-processing technique using the ANFIS model showed that the real potential of wind power in the area is lower than that projected in the RCM.
Highlights
There is an increasing demand for renewable energy to attenuate the impacts of greenhouse gases on human life, the environment and ecosystems
The main purpose of this study was to investigate the impacts of climate change on wind power resources in the Caspian Sea
Historical and future simulations of near-surface wind speed were obtained from MPI-ESM-LR CORDEX outputs
Summary
There is an increasing demand for renewable energy to attenuate the impacts of greenhouse gases on human life, the environment and ecosystems. Cleaner production in energy supply, such as renewable energy, is among suitable remedies to deal with this important issue. The Caspian Sea, a landlocked sea between Iran and Europe, plays an important role in the economy of the surrounding countries. In this regard, the rapid growth of the population in the region necessitates the application of green energy resources for the power supply. The evaluation of wind power resources in offshore and onshore areas can be considered as an option to meet the increasing demand for energy in the future
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