Abstract
ABSTRACT Several valuable heritage structures worldwide are in danger due to natural causes or human interferences. Therefore, a low-cost modeling technique is extremely important and widely needed for the preservation of heritage especially in poorer countries. This study evaluates the precision and accuracy of terrestrial photogrammetry via low-cost digital cameras to construct a 3-D model of an object. To obtain the goal, a building façade is imaged by employing two low-cost digital cameras, namely Canon and Pentax. The accuracy of the photogrammetric point clouds that are generated via the method is compared with a few natural control points collected via a laser total station. Cloud-to-cloud distance is computed for different 3-D models to investigate different variables such as camera type and control points. The results of the practical field experiment indicate that the mean differences between obtained 3-D models and reference points are in the range of 2.3–4.1 cm without using any control points. Using a few of the control points, the differences are improved such that they are between 1.4 and 1.6 cm. The comparisons indicate that the largest variances between the laser total station and photogrammetric outcomes occurred when the Pentax camera was used.
Highlights
Collecting and modelling 3D surface coordinates data for an object is significant importance in the field of heritage conservation
This paper describes an approach designed to analyze the precision and the accuracy achieved by two types of low-cost digital cameras for collecting the 3D surface coordinates of an object
The most accurate results were obtained by using control points, the mean values of C2C distances were between 16mm and 21mm
Summary
Collecting and modelling 3D surface coordinates data for an object is significant importance in the field of heritage conservation. In order to obtain the 3D model, many techniques and methods have been used to collect its surface data, such as scanning by terrestrial laser scanning, topographic, close-range photogrammetry and surveying traditional techniques such as total station instrument [1]. Photogrammetry is viewed as the best solution for the processing of image data, having the capacity to deliver at any scale of application accurate, metric and detailed 3D surface information [3]. In digital close photogrammetry technique, by using pictures captured with a camera at close range from different angles, the geometric details of any complex shape such as a façade that can be used to create accurate 3D models of objects [5],[9] and [3]. The ability to measure and record surfaces is important to many scientific disciplines and both photogrammetry and laser scanning provide the required capability
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