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Abstract
Superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1) is an important metal-containing antioxidant enzyme that provides the first line of defense against toxic superoxide radicals by catalyzing their dismutation to oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. SOD is classified into four metalloprotein isoforms, namely, Cu/Zn SOD, Mn SOD, Ni SOD and Fe SOD. The structural models of soybean SOD isoforms have not yet been solved. In this study, we describe structural models for soybean Cu/Zn SOD, Mn SOD and Fe SOD and provide insights into the molecular function of this metal-binding enzyme in improving tolerance to oxidative stress in plants.
Highlights
Crop plants are frequently exposed to a variety of abiotic, biotic and xenobiotic stresses that cause injury, limit their growth and adversely affect their productivity
The sequences of genes corresponding to superoxide dismutase (SOD) isoenzymes in Arabidopsis, namely, manganese SOD (Mn SOD) (AT3G10920), Fe SOD (AT4G25100) and Cu/Zn SOD distributed in chloroplasts (ATG12520), cytosol (AT1G08830) and peroxisomes (AT5G18100), were used as the query sequences in BLAST searches to identify the corresponding genes in soybean
reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by plants are eliminated by antioxidant defense systems that enhance the tolerance of plants to environmental stress (Min-Lang et al, 2012)
Summary
Crop plants are frequently exposed to a variety of abiotic, biotic and xenobiotic stresses that cause injury, limit their growth and adversely affect their productivity. Plant responses to ROS toxicity involve the coordinated action of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense systems (Pallavi and Rama Shankar, 2005; Pallavi et al, 2012). The role of SOD as an antioxidant enzyme under stress conditions has been studied in different varieties of soybean (Chaitanya et al, 2009; Hassan et al, 2011), the genes that control the expression of these isoforms have not been identified. We undertook a molecular, structural and phylogenetic analysis of soybean SOD isoforms (Cu/Zn, Mn and Fe SOD) based on homology modeling using A. thaliana SODs
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