Abstract
Major challenges of driving range and battery lifetime in Electric Vehicles (EV) have been addressed by designing more efficient power electronics, advanced embedded hardware, and sophisticated embedded software. Besides the electric motor in EVs, Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) has been seen as a significant contributor to the EV power consumption. The main responsibility of automotive climate controls has been to control the HVAC system in order to maintain the passengers' thermal comfort. However, the HVAC power consumption and its dynamic behavior may influence the battery lifetime and driving range significantly. Therefore, modeling and analyzing the HVAC system and its thermodynamic behavior may benefit the control designers to integrate the HVAC control and optimization into Battery Management Systems (BMS) for better battery lifetime and driving range. In this paper, the EV architecture, HVAC system dynamic behavior, and battery characteristics are explained and modeled. Automotive climate controls (e.g. battery lifetime-aware automotive climate control) and the benefits gained by system modeling and estimation for different conditions in terms of battery lifetime and driving range are illustrated. Moreover, present and future challenges regarding the HVAC system and control design are explained.
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