Abstract
Fifth Generation District Heating and Cooling (5GDHC) networks, in which low temperature water is distributed to water-source heat pumps (WSHPs) in order to meet thermal demands, are expected to have a significant impact on the decarbonisation of energy supply. Thermal storage installed in these networks offers operational flexibility that can be leveraged to integrate renewable electrical and thermal energy sources. Thus, when considered as part of a smart multi-energy district, 5GDHC substation devices (e.g., WSHPs, storage) may be optimally operated using Model Predictive Control (MPC) in order to match demand with low-cost supply of electricity. However, the application of MPC requires the ability to model 5GDHC networks within the context of a multi-energy system. Hence, this paper extends an existing, generalised control-oriented modelling framework for multi-energy systems to accommodate 5GDHC networks. Additions include the ability to represent hydraulic pumps, thermodynamic cycle devices (such as WSHPs) and multi-energy networks within the framework. Furthermore, an economic MPC (eMPC) scheme is proposed for energy management of 5GDHC-based smart districts. Finally, a case study is presented in which the proposed eMPC controller is compared with rule-based control for economic operation of a smart district.
Highlights
A S PART of the drive towards low carbon energy provision, the transfer of heat to or from buildings is often identified as an area for decarbonisation and efficiency improvements [1]
This paper extends the original COMMES method by addition of multi-energy network models, a hydraulic pump model and an updated energy conversion model for matrix representation of thermodynamic cycle devices (e.g. water-source heat pumps (WSHPs), absorption chillers)
The proposed extension of the COMMES modelling framework provides the only example of a generic, control-oriented modelling approach for energy management of smart districts, considering multi-energy networks and 5GDHC substations with thermodynamic cycle devices, decentralised hydraulic pumps and energy storage
Summary
A S PART of the drive towards low carbon energy provision, the transfer of heat to or from buildings is often identified as an area for decarbonisation and efficiency improvements [1]. Low temperature thermal networks which connect consumers of heating or cooling services to locally available heat sources or sinks are expected to play an important role in delivering these changes. Such networks are already in use at the district level in Europe and their operation is the subject of continued research [2]. Several technologies facilitate effective interaction of electrical and heat networks such as WSHPs, combined heat and power plants (CHPs), chillers and hydraulic pumps These technologies enable shifting of thermal demand in order to accommodate electrical network requirements and partially decouple electrical supply and demand [7]. The extension facilitates development of 5GDHC smart district models for integration into MPC schemes
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