Abstract
This paper introduces a Model Predictive Control (MPC) strategy for the optimal energy management of a district whose buildings are equipped with vertically placed Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) systems and Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS). The vertically placed BIPV systems are able to cover larger areas of buildings’ surfaces, as compared with conventional rooftop PV systems, and reach their peak of production during winter and spring, which renders them suitable for energy harvesting especially in urban areas. Driven by both these relative advantages, the proposed strategy aims to maximize the district’s autonomy from the external grid, which is achieved through the cooperation of interactive buildings. Therefore, the major contribution of this study is the management and optimal cooperation of a group of buildings, each of which is equipped with its own system of vertical BIPV panels and BESS, carried out by an MPC strategy. The proposed control scheme consists of three main components, i.e., the forecaster, the optimizer and the district, which interact periodically with each other. In order to quantitatively evaluate the benefits of the proposed MPC strategy and the implementation of vertical BIPV and BESS, a hypothetical five-node distribution network located in Greece for four representative days of the year was examined, followed by a sensitivity analysis to examine the effect of the system configuration on its performance.
Highlights
Human-induced climate change is a significant problem that has economic, policy and social dimensions
In order to examine the prospects of the Building integrated PV (BIPV) implementation in urban areas, this paper proposes an Model Predictive Control (MPC)-based method that is applied on buildings of the same district, each equipped with vertically placed BIPV and a Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS), focusing on the cooperation of these buildings in order to gain as much autonomy from the external grid as possible
This paper presents a control methodology for the energy management of a district that consists of buildings that are equipped with vertical BIPV and BESS
Summary
Human-induced climate change is a significant problem that has economic, policy and social dimensions. Buildings have attracted much attention in the context of decarbonizing the energy system due to the fact that they consume approximately 30% of global electricity and represent approximately 28% of total global energy-related CO2 emissions [2]. To this end, the combination of Renewable. Energy Systems (RES) with Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) is considered to be an effective solution that reduces the energy consumption and carbon footprint of the buildings, and provides potential for high controllability, dealing with demand diversity and peak shaving issues [3,4,5]. The method of BIPV involves the replacement of roof shingles or wall claddings with PV panels
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