Model of Ecotourism Management in Small Islands of Bunaken National Park, North Sulawesi

Diane Tangian,Aris Munandar,Daniel Djokosetiyanto,Kholil Kholil

doi:10.21776/ub.jitode.2015.003.02.06

Abstract

The Bunaken National Park is one of the famous national park for tourism in North Sulawesi, Indonesia. The abundance natural resources is one of the crucial natural attraction for tourism in Bunaken. Tourism in Bunaken contributes significantly in local economic development. In the same situation, however, tourism contributes negatively to environment. Tourist activities contributes significantly in coral reef covers. Utilization of natural resources as an object and attraction needs to be done carefully, taking into account the balance of ecological, socio-economic and socio-cultural. The concept of ecotourism with three aspects of development were important in aspect in Bunaken National Park tourism development. The management of the park tour needs to be done based on the concept and principles of ecotourism. The Bunaken National Park tourist management model simulated by the dynamic system with the Powersim Constructor software show the number of tourist 2035 reached 27,152.98, extensive coral cover 447.87ha, the local community incomes Rp 15,834,861,419.63 and government revenues Rp 1,751,770,691.04. Keywords: conservation area, ecotourism, powersim model, sustainable management.

Highlights

Bunaken National Park (BNP) is a conservation area with beauty and attractiveness of the underwater resources
Ecotourism management model in BNP is built on a set of relationships between the statement of needs and the statement of the problem to be solved in order to meet those needs
The identification of models that are built can be seen in Fig. 2, where the number of tourist arrivals will affect the vast coral cover, and vice versa extensive coral cover will affect the number of tourists

Summary

Introduction

Bunaken National Park (BNP) is a conservation area with beauty and attractiveness of the underwater resources. The total area of ± 89,065 ha area in accordance with the Decree of the Minister of Forestry No 730 / Kpts-II / 1991 with slightly wavy morphological conditions, and is one of the most beautiful marine parks in the world. Most areas of coastline consist of mangrove forests and white sand. Prior to 1986, the area has been designated by the Government of Bunaken in North Sulawesi as a regional tourist attraction. This area is surrounded by 22 villages with a total population of around 30,000 inhabitants. Its existence is to support the tourism industry and is a source of income large enough area in North Sulawesi [1]

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusion