Abstract
Three dimensional magnetic fields in tokamaks can induce forced magnetic reconnection (FMR) and produce magnetic islands on resonant surfaces. Conventional analytic solutions to FMR focus on describing the time asymptotic state given a steady-state field error. The focus of this work is to understand the nonlinear dynamics of mode penetration, an evolution from a high-slip, flow-screened metastable equilibrium into a low-slip, field-penetrated metastable equilibrium. In this work, we extend previous work by incorporating a temporally varying external magnetic field as a simple model for a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) event that produces resonant magnetic perturbations. Proof-of-principle, extended-MHD, NIMROD computations vary parameterizations of the transient external perturbation to probe the threshold for mode penetration. We test these computational results against analytical theory that captures the temporal evolution properties of the electromagnetic and viscous forces during and after a transient. We find qualitative agreement between computational and analytical results. However, computational tools are necessary to accurately capture the threshold conditions for mode penetration induced by an MHD transient.
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