Mode-I, mode-II and mixed-mode I+II fracture behavior of composite bonded joints: Experimental characterization and numerical simulation

Abstract

The fracture behavior of composite bonded joints subjected to mode-I, mode-II and mixed-mode I + II loading conditions was characterized by mechanical testing and numerical simulation. The composite adherents were bonded using two different epoxy adhesives; namely, the EA 9695 film adhesive and the mixed EA 9395-EA 9396 paste adhesive. The fracture toughness of the joints was evaluated in terms of the critical energy release rate. Mode-I tests were conducted using the double-cantilever beam specimen, mode-II tests using the end-notch flexure specimen and mixed-mode tests (three mixity ratios) using a combination of the two aforementioned specimens. The fracture behavior of the bonded joints was also simulated using the cohesive zone modeling method aiming to evaluate the method and point out its strengths and weaknesses. The simulations were performed using the explicit FE code LS-DYNA. The experimental results show a considerable scatter which is common for fracture toughness tests. The joints attained with the film adhesive have much larger fracture toughness (by 30–60%) than the joints with the paste adhesive, which exhibited a rather brittle behavior. The simulation results revealed that the cohesive zone modeling method performs well for mode-I load-cases while for mode-II and mixed-mode load-cases, modifications of the input parameters and the traction-separation law are needed in order for the method to effectively simulate the fracture behavior of the joints.