Mobilization of Russian Science under Increasing International Pressure: History and Modernity

Abstract

The article discusses the imperative for a shift towards a mobilization mode of scientific and technological development amidst growing international tensions and sanctions against Russia. Drawing upon a literature analysis, it examines historical precedents from the 20th century, particularly in the USSR and other countries, to elucidate strategies for mobilizing science. Contemporary debates on the subject are reviewed. It has found out that there is a lack of consensus among experts regarding the requisite mobilization measures and their efficacy. The analysis incorporates findings from a sociological survey of Russian scientists. It is suggested that the academic community’s hesitancy towards research mobilization may stem from ambiguity surrounding the term and negative historical associations. Proposals are advanced for a successful mobilization of Russia’s scientific and technological potential under modern conditions. It is concluded that the mobilization of science in Russia should include measures to centralize its management and to shift towards applied research. At the same time Russian researchers should have a significant creative freedom, representatives of the academic community should be actively involved in the development of scientific policy, discussion and coordination of research topics and work plans. The article emphasizes the importance of increased funding and expansion of staff for an effective scientific mobilization, cautioning against undue political and ideological interferences in academic affairs.