Abstract
In Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) the use of Mobile Sink Nodes (MSNs) has been proposed in order to negate the hotspot issue. This where nodes closest to the sink node shall run out of energy fastest, affecting network lifetime. However, in using an MSN there remains the issue of nodes that sink passes closest to using most energy. In this study we propose a novel Mobility Aware Duty Cycling Algorithm (MADCAL), for use at the MAC layer. This algorithm provides a lightweight solution, utilising knowledge of the mobility pattern of the sink node in order to determine a dynamic communication threshold, within which static nodes shall awaken to communicate with the sink. This avoids the need for energy-heavy beacon messages. Using the Omnet++ simulation framework and tested on a lightweight implementation of a Carrier-sense multiple access (CSMA) based MAC protocol, we demonstrate a reduction in energy consumption up to 15% and up to 300% increase in frame delivery to the MSN, when compared to the existing duty cycling approach.
Highlights
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) have gained a lot of attention from industry and academia in recent years
In this paper we propose a novel Mobility Aware Duty Cycling Algorithm (MADCAL), to utilise the mobility pattern of the Mobile Sink Nodes (MSNs) in order to influence the wake-up schedules of static nodes
We aim to reduce energy consumption amongst the “significant nodes“ the MSN communicates with via one-hop, while improving the number of frames delivered to the sink node, or at least keeping that figure at a reasonable level
Summary
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) have gained a lot of attention from industry and academia in recent years. Battery-powered and duty cycled [7] devices, the greater issue is of overlap of wake-up schedules in order that ND may happen To achieve this there have been many proposed approaches, with probabilistic [8][9] and deterministic [10][11][12] algorithms generally utilised in order to either guarantee overlap or produce a high probability of it taking place. Many network layer solutions have been developed for the use of MSNs, with these routing protocols generally utilising energy heavy flood approaches or more energy efficient, but delay-tolerant methods [21][6]. In this paper we propose a novel Mobility Aware Duty Cycling Algorithm (MADCAL), to utilise the mobility pattern of the MSN in order to influence the wake-up schedules of static nodes.
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