Abstract
Utilising the mobilisation of a sink node in a wireless sensor network to combat the energy hole, or hotspot issue, is well referenced. However, another issue, that of energy spikes may remain. With the mobile sink node potentially communicating with some nodes more than others. In this study we propose the Mobility Aware Duty Cycling and Dynamic Preambling Algorithm (MADCaDPAL). This algorithm utilises an existing solution where a communication threshold is built between a mobile sink node using predictable mobility and static nodes on its path. MADCaDPAL bases decisions relating to node sleep function, moving to clear channel assessment and the subsequent sending of preambles on the relation between the threshold built by the static node and the position of the mobile sink node. MADCaDPAL achieves a reduction in average energy consumption of up to 80%, this when used in conjunction with a lightweight carrier-sense multiple access based MAC implementation. Maximum energy consumption amongst individual nodes is also brought closer to the average, reducing energy spikes and subsequently improving network lifetime. Additionally, frame delivery to the sink is improved overall.
Highlights
Wireless sensor networks (WSN), represent great challenges in the area of energy consumption
MADCaDPAL bases decisions relating to node sleep function, moving to clear channel assessment and the subsequent sending of preambles on the relation between the threshold built by the static node and the position of the mobile sink node
MADCaDPAL achieves a reduction in average energy consumption of up to 80%, this when used in conjunction with a lightweight carrier-sense multiple access based MAC implementation
Summary
Wireless sensor networks (WSN), represent great challenges in the area of energy consumption These tiny devices of low memory and processing capacity, as well as limited battery power, have potential for use in inhospitable locations with applications such as in deep sea oil and gas [1], disaster recovery [2] and agriculture [3]. As such the issue of battery replacement arises. Duty cycling involves nodes sleeping when not idle and can have great benefit in reducing energy conservation [4] This is controlled at the MAC layer, with different approaches to be implemented. Communication between nodes would become impossible and the network would be rendered useless
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