Abstract
Recent disasters have shown the existence of large variance in recovery trajectories across cities that have experienced similar damage levels. Case studies of such events reveal the high complexity of the recovery process of cities, where inter-city dependencies and intra-city coupling of social and physical systems may affect the outcomes in unforeseen ways. Despite the large implications of understanding the recovery processes of cities after disasters for many domains including critical services, disaster management, and public health, little work have been performed to unravel this complexity. Rather, works are limited to analyzing and modeling cities as independent entities, and have largely neglected the effect that inter-city connectivity may have on the recovery of each city. Large scale mobility data (e.g. mobile phone data, social media data) have enabled us to observe human mobility patterns within and across cities with high spatial and temporal granularity. In this paper, we investigate how inter-city dependencies in both physical as well as social forms contribute to the recovery performances of cities after disasters, through a case study of the population recovery patterns of 78 Puerto Rican counties after Hurricane Maria using mobile phone location data. Various network metrics are used to quantify the types of inter-city dependencies that play an important role for effective post-disaster recovery. We find that inter-city social connectivity, which is measured by pre-disaster mobility patterns, is crucial for quicker recovery after Hurricane Maria. More specifically, counties that had more influx and outflux of people prior to the hurricane, were able to recover faster. Our findings highlight the importance of fostering the social connectivity between cities to prepare effectively for future disasters. This paper introduces a new perspective in the community resilience literature, where we take into account the inter-city dependencies in the recovery process rather than analyzing each community as independent entities.
Highlights
Following the recent series of natural hazards with unprecedented severity and magnitude, including Hurricanes Harvey, Irma and Maria, the concept of urban resilience has gained significant global attention (Kull et al 2016; Gitay et al 2013)
This paper introduces a new perspective in the community resilience literature, where we take into account the inter-city dependencies in the recovery process rather than analyzing each community as independent entities
In contrast to social connectivity, node-level statistics computed from physical networks were less significantly correlated with recovery time in Puerto Rico
Summary
Following the recent series of natural hazards with unprecedented severity and magnitude, including Hurricanes Harvey, Irma and Maria, the concept of urban resilience has gained significant global attention (Kull et al 2016; Gitay et al 2013). Post disaster population displacement and recovery patterns on the city scale have long been studied based on surveys and census data (McCaughey et al 2018; Cutter et al 2008; Gray and Mueller 2012; Finch et al 2010; Fussell et al 2014; DeWaard et al 2016; Sadri et al 2018; Piguet et al 2011). The heterogeneity in initial and long-term displacement rates across various communities were explained by a set of key universal factors including the community’s median income level, population size, housing damage rate, and the connectivity to other regions Despite such progress, the importance of inter-city dependencies on recovery is under-studied in the literature.
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
