Abstract
Background: Matrix metalloproteinases 1 (MMP1) plays a role in cancer development and metastasis and high expression of MMP1 has been confirmed in various types of cancers. However, the correlation between MMP1 and prognosis and tumor-infiltration lymphocytes in breast cancer remains uncertain. In this present study, we analyzed MMP1 expression and correlation with prognosis of cancer patients in databases such as Oncomine, PrognoScan, and Kaplan-Meier plotter. In addition, we investigated the correlation of MMP1 with tumor-infiltrating immune cells in the different tumor microenvironments via Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER). Methods: MMP1 expression was analyzed via the Oncomine database and Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) site. The prognosis of MMP1 on cancers was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier plotter, the PrognoScan database and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA). The correlations between MMP1 and cancer immune infiltration were investigated by TIMER. In addition, correlations betweenMMP1 expression and gene marker sets of immune infiltration were analyzed by TIMER and GEPIA. Results: MMP1 is highly expressed in most cancers and correlated to poor prognosis. MMP1 expression is significantly linked with a poorer prognosis in breast cancer (OS HR 1.78, 95% CI = 1.59 - 1.98, P + T cell (R = 0.464, P = 2.97e-54), CD8+ T cell (R = −0.134, P = 2.17e-05), macrophage (R = 0.41, P = 1.11e-08), dendritic cell (R = 0.221, P = 2.92e-03) and NK cell (R = 0.213, P = 4.15e-03). Besides, MMP1 expression is significantly associated with the marker genes of immune cells (P + T cell, CD8+ T cell, macrophage, dendritic cell and NK cells in breast cancer. Besides, MMP1 expression potentially contributes to regulation of T cell, B cell, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), DCs, T cell exhaustion and Tregs in colon and gastric cancer. The results indicate that MMP1 can be used as a prognostic biomarker for determining prognosis and immune infiltration in breast cancer.
Highlights
Esophagus cancer remains an important cancer worldwide and is responsible for over 572,034 new cases in 2018 and an estimated 508,585 deaths, which is the ninth most frequently diagnosed cancer [1]
The results showed that the Matrix metalloproteinases 1 (MMP1) expression was higher in bladder, breast, cervical, colorectal, esophageal, gastric, head and neck, lung cancers compared to the normal tissue (Figure 1A)
We further examined MMP1 expression using the RNA-seq data of multiple malignancies in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) database
Summary
Esophagus cancer remains an important cancer worldwide and is responsible for over 572,034 new cases in 2018 and an estimated 508,585 deaths, which is the ninth most frequently diagnosed cancer [1]. The correlation between MMP1 and prognosis and tumor-infiltration lymphocytes in breast cancer remains uncertain. In this present study, we analyzed MMP1 expression and correlation with prognosis of cancer patients in databases such as Oncomine, PrognoScan, and Kaplan-Meier plotter. The prognosis of MMP1 on cancers was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier plotter, the PrognoScan database and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA). The correlations between MMP1 and cancer immune infiltration were investigated by TIMER. Correlations betweenMMP1 expression and gene marker sets of immune infiltration were analyzed by TIMER and GEPIA. Conclusions: Our study indicates that MMP1 is correlated with prognosis and immune infiltrating levels of CD8+ T cell, CD8+ T cell, macrophage, dendritic cell and NK cells in breast
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