Mixed Methods Research With Groups at Risk

Abstract

The potential of social transformation embedded in mixed methods research is one of the longstanding and ongoing debates within the specialized literature (Hesse-Biber, 2010; Mertens, 2011). Manifold reflections have been provided in this regard, each of them shedding light on different perspectives, with arguments ranging from a strong support for this role for mixed methods research and others arguing against this position (Mertens & Hesse Biber 2012; Sandelowski, 2014). The transformative paradigm serves as one philosophical framework that supports the use of mixed methods research to address social justice issues, particularly considering the need to give voice to underprivileged populations (Mertens, 2009, 2014). The communicative paradigm also considers the importance of creating useful scientific knowledge by establishing an intersubjective dialogue with the researched groups (Gomez, Puigvert, & Flecha, 2011; Puigvert, 2012). Denzin (2012) argues that mixed methods research can promote a dialogic democracy as a way toward shaping real utopias. Postcolonial or indigenous researchers have also shed light on different aspects to counter the existing power relations with postcolonial societies (Chilisa, 2011; Smith, 1999). Social science researchers encounter stimulation to give greater consideration to addressing issues of social justice from a variety of sources. In a context of scarcity of resources, citizenry is demanding more public discussion and accountability in the decision-making processes about how to allocate public resources. In this context, European funding for social science research was questioned because of its dubious returns to society. While research in other sciences were clearly supporting the improvement of citizens’ lives, this was not that clear in the case of social sciences. The program Horizon 2020 defined research priorities in Europe for the next decade; however, in its initial proposal, social sciences were not included. The scientific community mobilized and submitted an open letter signed by thousands of researchers and major stakeholders to the Commissioner (see the open letter at http://www.eash.eu/openletter2011/) stating that in order to tackle large-scale transitions European societies are undergoing, there is a need to include social science research as part of the solution. Citizens and societies need to see in which ways social science research is contributing to improve their lives and communities. The usefulness claim also comes from the most at risk groups of society as the research community is asked to contribute to reduce inequalities and provide effective solutions for