Abstract
The understanding of mixed convection heat transfer in cavity is crucial for studying the energy consumption and efficiency in many engineering devices. In the present work, the hybrid nanofluid (Al2O3-Cu-Water) is employed to increase the heat transfer rate in a double lid-driven rectangular cavity. The bottom movable horizontal wall is kept at a high temperature while the top movable horizontal wall is kept at a low temperature. The sidewalls are insulated. The mass, momentum and energy equations are numerically solved using the Finite Volume Method (FVM). The SIMPLE algorithm is used for pressure-velocity coupling. Parameters such as Reynold’s number (Re), Richardson number (Ri), moving wall direction, solid volume fraction, and cavity length are studied. The results show that the hybrid nanofluid in the rectangular cavity is able to augment the heat transfer significantly. When Re is high, a big size solid body can augment the heat transfer. Heat transfer increases with respect to Ri. Meanwhile, the local Nusselt number decreases with respect to the cavity length.
Highlights
In many engineering applications such as lubrication, heat exchanger, building insulation, home ventilation, drying, solar collector etc., mixed convection in cavity plays a vital role in enhancing the energy efficacy and minimizing the energy consumption
The effects of Rayleigh and Reynolds numbers, energy transport, position of internal blocks and nanoparticles volume fraction on the fluid flow characteristics have been studied by Shulepova et al [2] using the finite difference method involving (Al2 O3 -Water) nanofluid
The numerical results are presented for the following value of parameters, i.e., Reynolds number
Summary
In many engineering applications such as lubrication, heat exchanger, building insulation, home ventilation, drying, solar collector etc., mixed convection in cavity plays a vital role in enhancing the energy efficacy and minimizing the energy consumption. The effects of Rayleigh and Reynolds numbers, energy transport, position of internal blocks and nanoparticles volume fraction on the fluid flow characteristics have been studied by Shulepova et al [2] using the finite difference method involving (Al2 O3 -Water) nanofluid. Mixed convection in a wavy bottom cavity containing a solid inner block has been studied by Azizul et al [3] and it has been reported that nanofluid would improve the heat transfer in the cavity. Both Nusselt and Grashof numbers increase with respect to the volume fraction of nanofluids. The heat transfer in a lid-driven rectangular cavity filled with visco-plastic fluid driven by Symmetry 2020, 12, 1977; doi:10.3390/sym12121977 www.mdpi.com/journal/symmetry
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