Abstract
The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) can repair and remove misfolded or unfolded proteins in mitochondria and enhance mitochondrial protein homeostasis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by regular exercise is a crucial signal for promoting health, and skeletal muscle mitochondria are the primary source of ROS during exercise. To verify whether UPRmt is related to ROS produced by mitochondria in skeletal muscle during regular exercise, we adapted MitoTEMPO, mitochondrially targeted antioxidants, and ROS production by mitochondria. Our results showed that mitochondrial ROS is the key factor for activating UPRmt in different pathways.
Highlights
Regular exercise and physical activity improve physiological ability and body functions [1] and reduce the risk of chronic diseases, including type II diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancers [2, 3]
Our results showed that during regular exercise, MitoTEMPO offset mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by exercise, as the mitochondrial membrane potential of skeletal muscle of mice decreased significantly, and the activation degree of UPRmt mediated by different pathways fell heavily
Increased the mitochondrial membrane potential by 22% (P < 0:01), while the mitochondrial membrane potential in skeletal muscle decreased by 17% (P < 0:01) after sending
Summary
Regular exercise and physical activity improve physiological ability and body functions [1] and reduce the risk of chronic diseases, including type II diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancers [2, 3]. Previous studies have shown that intense exercise and muscle contraction increase ROS production. Antioxidant supplements are often used as prescriptions to resist the adverse reactions of exercise [14,15,16,17]. There are increasing evidence to show that exogenous antioxidant supplements have adverse reactions to some acute and chronic responses of skeletal muscles to exercise [18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26], as well as weaken the normal redox signaling pathway in muscles [13], weakening the adaptive response to endurance training [19,20,21]
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