Mitochondrial Respiratory Complex I Deficiency Simulating Spinal Muscular Atrophy

Abstract

Two female patients with clinical features resembling spinal muscular atrophy were presented. Patient 1 presented with hypotonia and proximal weakness of extremities at age 4 months. Electromyography revealed motor neuronopathy suggestive of spinal muscular atrophy. Patient 2 presented with severe hypotonia, motor weakness, and joint contractures since birth. Muscle biopsy findings were consistent with spinal muscular atrophy. However, deletions in the survival motor neuron gene and the neuronal apoptosis inhibitor protein gene were not found in both patients. They finally manifested clinical features unlike spinal muscular atrophy: epileptic seizure, cardiomyopathy, and spasticity. The clinical course of each patient was not like that of spinal muscular atrophy type I. Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex enzyme activities in cultured skin fibroblasts were measured. Respiratory complex I enzyme activity was decreased, suggestive of isolated complex I deficiency in both patients. In conclusion, in patients who have clinical features resembling spinal muscular atrophy but no deletions in the spinal muscular atrophy gene, the possibility of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I deficiency should be considered.