Abstract
Mitochondria are crucial organelles that control cellular metabolism through an integrated mechanism of energy generation via oxidative phosphorylation. Apart from this canonical role, it is also integral for ROS production, fatty acid metabolism and epigenetic remodeling. Recently, a role for the mitochondria in effecting stem cell fate decisions has gained considerable interest. This is important for skeletal muscle, which exhibits a remarkable property for regeneration following injury, owing to satellite cells (SCs), the adult myogenic stem cells. Mitochondrial function is associated with maintaining and dictating SC fates, linked to metabolic programming during quiescence, activation, self-renewal, proliferation and differentiation. Notably, mitochondrial adaptation might take place to alter SC fates and function in the presence of different environmental cues. This review dissects the contribution of mitochondria to SC operational outcomes, focusing on how their content, function, dynamics and adaptability work to influence SC fate decisions.
Highlights
Debasmita Bhattacharya and Anthony Scimè*Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
Skeletal muscle constitutes a significant percentage of total body mass and is indispensable to physical movements, maintaining postures and in vital actions (Diaz-Vegas et al, 2019; Hood et al, 2019)
Mitochondria are considered bioenergetic hubs where ATP is produced via oxidative phosphorylation (Oxphos) by the electron transport chain (ETC), consisting of five distinct complexes which are located on the inner membrane and cristae (Chandel, 2018)
Summary
Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada. Mitochondria are crucial organelles that control cellular metabolism through an integrated mechanism of energy generation via oxidative phosphorylation. Apart from this canonical role, it is integral for ROS production, fatty acid metabolism and epigenetic remodeling. A role for the mitochondria in effecting stem cell fate decisions has gained considerable interest. This is important for skeletal muscle, which exhibits a remarkable property for regeneration following injury, owing to satellite cells (SCs), the adult myogenic stem cells. This review dissects the contribution of mitochondria to SC operational outcomes, focusing on how their content, function, dynamics and adaptability work to influence SC fate decisions
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