Abstract
Areas cultivated with Hass avocado crops in Colombia have growth rapidly. One of the major limitations is the avocado wilt complex disease (AWC) caused by biotic and abiotic factors which have increased under the El Niño southern oscillation ENSO phenomenon (El Niño, La Niña). The objective of this study was to evaluate different strategies for mitigating the adverse effects associated with the ENSO phenomenon and AWC in avocado crops. We evaluated native materials, mulches, and parameters associated with the production of seedlings and planting practices in the field. The response variables tested were plant development, incidence, severity, mortality, and microbial dynamics, among others. The results indicated that native genotypes of Persea americana had different levels of adaptability to drought and flooding conditions. These genotypes also showed some degree of resistance to Phytophthora cinnamomi and Verticillium sp. infection with several degrees of rootstock-scion incompatibility with the Hass cultivar. In addition, mulch reduced the variability of soil moisture and temperature in the soil profile. Adequate selection of genotypes and new tools for planting have decreased the susceptibility to adverse effects associated with the ENSO phenomenon and the incidence and mortality caused by diseases under drought and flooding conditions. This work presents alternatives to mitigate adverse effects of climate variability in avocado crops under tropical conditions.
Highlights
Extreme variations in edaphoclimatic parameters such as temperature, CO2 levels, precipitation, amongst others, has been associated with crop vulnerability [1,2,3]
The new trend in climate change studies worldwide is to perform modeling, risk analysis, and prediction, and to move forward and look for alternatives that allow mitigation and adaptation of agricultural systems to extreme conditions of climate variability such as those observed during the El Niño Southern Oscillation phenomenon (ENSO) phenomenon [1,2,42]
Indian-type race (Persea americana var. americana) showed the lowest performance evidenced as a low relative rate increase (RRI) (g day−1 ) value (Table 1)
Summary
Extreme variations in edaphoclimatic parameters such as temperature, CO2 levels, precipitation, amongst others, has been associated with crop vulnerability [1,2,3]. Such extreme variations have been observed during climate change events such as the El Niño Southern Oscillation phenomenon (ENSO). Colombia is a country that naturally presents a high climate variability, given its topographic and geographic conditions and the different phenomena that influence the territory [9]. The changes in precipitation and temperature that can occur during the ENSO phenomenon can have strong and negative socioeconomic implications for the country [13]
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