Mission Architecture for active Space Debris Removal using the Example of SL-8 Rocket Bodies

Abstract

Space debris has become a serious problem for the safe operations of spacecraft in low Earth orbit. Attempts such as improving trajectory predictions of non-functional objects in space, guidelines for safer launches nowadays, and an implementation of post-mission disposal however will not stop the growth in debris numbers. One solution for mitigation is therefore the realization of removal missions.Due to space debris being an issue for all space faring nations, this paper introduces an exemplary removal mission for 5 Russian SL-8 rocket bodies at an inclination of 83∘ orbiting at an altitude of 970 km - an area crowded with space debris and thus involving a high collision risk.The mission draft presented is based on a main satellite (Autonomous Debris Removal Satellite - ADReS-A) and - according to the number of targets - 5 de-orbit kits. The idea presented includes a parking orbit close to the targets positions, into which the set-up is launched. While the kits are equipped with a de-orbit thruster, the task of ADReS-A is, to approach the uncooperative target, berth it, stabilize the compound system and attach the de-orbit kit onto the target. The main satellite will take each de-orbit kit separately to the individual targets, shuttling between the parking orbit and the target orbits.A prospect addressing the highly critical situations resulting from the interaction with an uncooperative target is given towards the end of the paper with a preliminary design for a decision process for autonomy.