Missing Value Replacement for PMU Data via Deep Learning Model With Magnitude Trend Decoupling

Abstract

This paper develops a forecasting-based missing value replacement model for Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) data during power system events. The proposed forecasting model leverages a sequence-to-sequence (Seq2Seq) long short-term memory (LSTM) network with an attention mechanism, which is trained with both pre-event and post-event data. The trained forecasting model is utilized to accurately estimate and recover missing measurements in PMU data. To improve the accuracy of the proposed model, we introduced two novel techniques: (1) integrating a prior knowledge matrix into the attention mechanism that effectively preserves correlations within PMU data, and (2) decoupling the magnitude and direction components of the residual forecast so that such forecasting models are separately trained, which boosts the resistance to the noisy signal. Numerical studies on real-world PMU data collected from the North American electric power grid demonstrate that our proposed model outperforms baseline models in terms of accuracy for all key power grid measurements. Furthermore, our model exhibits robust missing data recovery performance even when nearly all of the grid event data is missing.