Abstract
This chapter discusses tissues sources, regulation of expression, and structure of macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α). MlP-lα has a wide range of biological activities that include prostaglandin-independent pyrogenic activity, a potential role in wound healing, monocyte chemotaxis and suppression of immature bone marrow stem and progenitor cells. The most important finding about MIP-1α is the report of its HIV-suppressive effect. The tissue sources of MIP-1α include fibroblasts, monocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, smooth muscle cells, mast cells, platelets, bone marrow stromal cells, glial cells, epithelial cell line A549, progenitors of dendritic Langerhans' cells U937, and Jurkat, K562. The promoter of the human MIP-1α gene contains five major nuclear protein binding sites for C/EBP, NF-κB, and/or c-ets family members. Human MIP-1α protein at physiological ionic strength can exist in monomeric and tetrameric forms which display distinct conformational properties. The monomeric form is the active component on hematopoietic cells. It is found that mutation of leucine 25 in IL-8 to tyrosine creates a protein with monocyte chemo-attractant activity which displaces MIP-1α receptor binding.
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