Abstract
Diabetes mellitus DM is the sixth leading cause of death worldwide because of its complications One of these deadly complications is diabetic nephropathy the leading cause of end stage renal disease in the western world Despite the worldwide acceptance to use albumin to creatinine A C ratio and estimated glomerular filtration rate eGFR in clinical settings there is no trustable and valid biochemical marker that can sensitively detect early stages of diabetic nephropathy Therefore the early detection of the deterioration in kidney function and the changes in kidney structure before the albumin level becomes significantly high in urine is very important for patient s life The aim of this review is to summarize some novel clinical and molecular markers being investigated as potential candidates to fill in the gap
Highlights
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is seen as one of the strongest enemies we have to defeat
It is characterized by albuminuria, and/or a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) below 60mL/min/1.73m2.7,8 Novel well‒validated biomarkers, when used in combination with conventional biomarkers, can efficiently clarify the pathophysiology of Diabetic nephropathy (DN) and can accurately stratify DN patients based on their disease stage
These results suggest that miR‒377 can be used as an early biomarker for nephropathy in pediatric type 1 diabetes
Summary
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is seen as one of the strongest enemies we have to defeat. These alternations include basement membrane thickening in the glomerulus and tubules, accumulation of the components of extracellular matrix, detachment of podocytes from glomerular basement membrane, hyperplasia of mesangial cells and thickening of mesangial matrix These pathological changes are usually induced by the rise in blood glucose level.[4,5] Major advances have been made over the past few decades in diagnosing and treating patients with DN we are still unable to increase the survival rates among these patients.[6] DN is considered to be the leading cause of end‒stage renal disease (ESRD) in the Western world representing about 50% of cases. To detect the early stages of diabetic nephropathy, there are many recently‒investigation biomarkers that can be tracked in blood or urine
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