Abstract
Simple SummaryThe pleasing lacewing (Dilaridae) is a little known family of the holometabolous order Neuroptera, and our understanding of their species diversity has long remained poor. Here, we present descriptions of 12 new species of the pleasing lacewing genus Dilar Rambur, which is widely distributed in the Palaearctic and Oriental regions. We found disparate wing marking patterns as well as several unique characters of the male genitalia of the new species, which highlight the diverse morphologies of Dilar. Based on a faunal analysis, eight areas of endemism of Dilar were distinguished, and the state of their species diversity and endemism were summarized. The Oriental part of China was revealed as the region with the highest species diversity of this genus, and Yunnan within this region stood out as the most species-rich subregion.The species diversity of insects is extraordinarily rich, but still has been insufficiently explored or underestimated particularly for uncommon groups. The pleasing lacewings (Dilaridae) are a little known family of Neuroptera with distinct sexually dimorphic antennae. The species diversity of pleasing lacewings was recently found to be severely underestimated and requires a comprehensive investigation, as well as systematic reviews. Here, we report on 12 new species of the pleasing lacewing genus Dilar Rambur, 1838, from the Oriental region, namely D. forcipatus sp. nov. and D. laoticus sp. nov. from Laos (new country record of Dilar); D. malickyi sp. nov., D. phraenus sp. nov. and D. rauschorum sp. nov. from northern Thailand; D. striatus sp. nov. from northern Vietnam; D. cangyuanensis sp. nov., D. daweishanensis sp. nov., D. nujianganus sp. nov., D. weibaoshanensis sp. nov., D. yucheni sp. nov., and D. zhangweiae sp. nov. from Yunnan and Tibet, both in southwestern China. The new species of Dilar display several types of wing marking patterns, and the morphology of the male genitalia is highly diverse. A comprehensive examination of the species diversity and distribution of Dilar concluded that Yunnan (southwestern China) represents a biogeographic region with high endemism and the richest species diversity. The potential correlation between vertical distribution and geographical latitude in Dilar was also analyzed.
Highlights
The global decline of insect species and their abundance is becoming drastic due to climate change and human-derived perturbations [1]
The present study focuses on Dilaridae, another little-known lacewing family, with moderate species diversity consisting of 103 extant described species sorted into four genera [5,6,7]
The specimens examined in the present study were deposited in the Entomological Museum, China Agricultural University (CAU), Beijing, China; the California Academy of Sciences (CASC), San Francisco, CA, USA; the Natural History Museum Geneva (NHMG), Geneva, Switzerland; the Natural History Museum Vienna, Austria (NMW); the Collection of Hubert Rausch and Renate Rausch (CHRR)
Summary
The global decline of insect species and their abundance is becoming drastic due to climate change and human-derived perturbations [1] Assessment of such insect defaunation is urgently required but requires standardized, quantitative methods based on rich data from long-term monitoring [2]. Nevrorthidae (nevrorthid lacewings) have predaceous aquatic larvae, and with 19 species it is the second smallest lacewing family It is disjunctively distributed in the Mediterranean region, eastern Australia, and East Asia. The dilarid larvae, which are known to date to represent only seven species in two genera, that is, Nallachius Navás, 1909 and Dilar Rambur [8,12,13,14,15]. The genus Dilar Rambur, 1838, is the most species-rich group in Dilaridae, being widespread from the Palearctic to the Oriental region. Yunnan (southwestern China) emerges as a region with a rich species diversity and notable endemism of the genus
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary 
Published Version (
Free)
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call