Abstract
Several pathogens continuously threaten viticulture worldwide. Until now, the investigation on resistance loci has been the main trend to understand the interaction between grapevine and the mildew causal agents. Dominantly inherited gene-based resistance has shown to be race-specific in some cases, to confer partial immunity, and to be potentially overcome within a few years since its introgression. Recently, on the footprint of research conducted in Arabidopsis, putative genes associated with downy mildew susceptibility have been discovered also in the grapevine genome. In this work, we deep-sequenced four putative susceptibility genes—namely VvDMR6.1, VvDMR6.2, VvDLO1, VvDLO2—in 190 genetically diverse grapevine genotypes to discover new sources of broad-spectrum and recessively inherited resistance. Identified Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms were screened in a bottleneck analysis from the genetic sequence to their impact on protein structure. Fifty-five genotypes showed at least one impacting mutation in one or more of the scouted genes. Haplotypes were inferred for each gene and two of them at the VvDMR6.2 gene were found significantly more represented in downy mildew resistant genotypes. The current results provide a resource for grapevine and plant genetics and could corroborate genomic-assisted breeding programs as well as tailored gene editing approaches for resistance to biotic stresses.
Highlights
The development of disease-resistant varieties is a convenient alternative to chemical control methods to protect crops from diseases
We aim to investigate the diversity of the DMR6 and DLO genes in a wide set of Vitis spp. to broaden our knowledge about the genetic variation present and about the impact on the protein structure and function
VvDMR6.1 was covered by 5,450,614 reads (44%), VvDMR6.2 by 3,476,587 (28%), VvDLO1 by 3,270,318 (26%), and VvDLO2 by
Summary
The development of disease-resistant varieties is a convenient alternative to chemical control methods to protect crops from diseases. When it recognizes and invades plant tissues and a plant-pathogen interaction is established, the pathogen is faced with the host response, which involves the activation of signals that translate into a rapid defense response. This immune response helps the host plant to avoid further infection of the pathogen [1]. Analyses of whole-genome sequences have provided and will continue to provide new insights into the dynamics of R gene evolution [3]
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