Abstract
Nephroureterectomy with bladder cuff excision has been the gold standard treatment for upper tract transitional cell carcinoma (UTTCC) for more than 60 years. However, endoscopic treatment of urothelial tumours of renal pelvis and ureter is gaining acceptance as a conservative treatment modality. A review in the English language of the Medline and Pub Med databases was performed using the keywords upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma and endoscopic management. There was a particular emphasis on treatment outcomes from published series. Endoscopic treatment of UTTCC alone for high-grade tumours is not advised owing to high rates of both local recurrence and disease progression, while many authors do not recommend primary endoscopic management of UTTCC in elective situations if pathological analysis and tumour grade cannot be obtained. Endourological management of UTTCC has become an accepted treatment option in highly selected patients, provided long-term close surveillance to detect and treat recurrences is ensured.
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