Abstract
Abstract This article introduces a novel method to locate leaks in trunk pipelines with a unique branch. The method is based on three state observers; each one with a specific assigned task. The aim of the first state observer (the orientation observer) is to indicate whether the leak is to the left (upstream) or to the right (downstream) of the branch. Depending on the indication of the orientation observer, one of the other two state observers (the locating observers) can be used to estimate the position of the leak. The three observers are based on second-order models that were built from the so-called rigid water column model of a pipeline and hydraulic gradient relations.
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