Abstract

While the idea of a national uniform enjoyed considerable popular support during the Age of Revolutions, few proposals were actually made into clothes. Of all full national uniforms, democratic or absolutist, only the svenska drakten was worn in daily life for any length of time. Nevertheless, sartorial nationalism, both absolutist and democratic, became a mass movement in several European societies when single items of clothing, which might be called “minimal national uniforms,” acquired patriotic symbolism. This chapter discusses three minimal uniforms: the cockade, the bonnet rouge [red cap] of the French Revolution, and the Ottoman fez.

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