Abstract
Are attempts to introduce minicalculators in the classroom, particularly at the lower elementary grades, likely to be greeted with the same kinds of responses that previous innovations have encountered? Teachers were, and many still are, deeply concerned about the effects of such innovations as programmed instructional materials, computer-assisted instruction. contingency management, and behavior modification. Investigations of the reasons for their caution revealed the following: (1) erosion of the teacher's role—machines taking over teaching functions; (2) impersonalization of the teaching-learning process—reduction or elimination of the humane aspects of teaching and learning: (3) stifling of creativity—emphasis on precision, measurement. and mechanization inhibits creative expression.
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