Abstract
Compact arc-shaped conformal dielectric resonator antennas (DRAs) loaded by metal plates and high-dielectric-constant (HiK) patches are investigated. Their miniaturizing principles are analyzed from different aspects. Closed-form expressions are derived to characterize the function of the conformal ground in size reduction. Difference between the conventional flat ground and conformal one is discussed. As to lateral metal loading, its influence on radiation patterns are utilized to acquire additional function. Next, to replace the metallic structure, HiK patches are used as perfect electric conductor (PEC) walls. Their working mechanisms are analyzed through the electromagnetic theory in layered media, and waveguide-based simulation methods. As validation, a dielectric-loaded arc DRA is proposed. By working like a PEC, the thin dielectric patch reduces the DRA size to one half. Similar characteristics are observed between the dielectric- and metal-loaded antennas. Finally, a bare DRA and a miniaturized one are fabricated and measured. This research expands the miniaturizing theory of conformal arc DRAs.
Highlights
Dielectric resonator antennas (DRAs) are famous for having diverse three-dimensional (3D) shapes, each of which has a variety of resonant modes
Since its size-reduction effect is well known, we focus on its influence on the radiation performance, based on which two miniaturized arc DRAs with a wide broadside beam and a squint directional one, respectively, are proposed
These results indicate that with elaborate design, a dense dielectric patches (DDPs) can function like a perfect electric conductor (PEC) wall [12], [31], [32], and reduce the DRA size to one half
Summary
Dielectric resonator antennas (DRAs) are famous for having diverse three-dimensional (3D) shapes, each of which has a variety of resonant modes. The resonant frequency, quality factor, internal field distribution, and radiation characteristic of these intrinsic modes are determined by the physical structure of the dielectric block [1], [2]. In order to further reduce antenna size, metal plates are utilized on the basis of the image theory [5]. As for nonplanar platforms, a conformal antenna is preferred, as it has intrinsically lower profile and compact size [14]. Functioning as a PEC plate, the lateral Hik dielectric loading reduces the DRA size to approximately one half. Antenna performances of the DDP- and metal-loaded arc DRA are compared
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